No matter how big or small your construction is, if the stability of the bricks or building blocks is not good enough, the building won’t be stable and will be prone to damage. Pointing is a procedure that is done to prevent this issue and enhance the strength and integrity of your building.
In this article, we will look into what pointing is and how it can help strengthen your building.
What is Pointing In Construction
Pointing refers to filling the gaps between brick or stone masonry with mortar or other similar materials. This is an important step in construction that ensures the building’s functionality and also increases its aesthetic appeal.
The materials you use for your mortar depend on your climate, type of brick, stone, or building block; and your desired finish. Some mortars include cement mortars, lime mortars, or hybrid mortars.
Like any other aspect of construction, pointing also has various techniques and types you can choose from. Some of these types of pointing include:
- Flush pointing,
- Recessed pointing,
- Beaded pointing,
- Struck pointing,
- Rubbed, keyed, or grooved pointing,
- Tuckpointing,
- V pointing, and
- Weathered pointing.
Pointing Process
The pointing process is considerably easy and can be completed within a short time. Below is a step-by-step explanation of how pointing is done.
Removal of existing mortar
The existing mortar on the joints is examined for any cracks or damages. Excess mortar is then raked out with a chisel, hammer, or other tools for a depth of 1 to 2 cm.
The masonry is cleaned and dampened
The debris from the raked-out mortar is removed from the exposed masonry. This includes any dust or broken mortar pieces. After a thorough cleaning, the masonry is dampened to prevent the new mortar from drying too quickly.
Mortar mix is prepared
Your preferred mortar mix is prepared. Ensure the mix is not too dry or too wet and has an even consistency.
The joints are filled by pointing
The joints can now be filled with the prepared mortar using a pointing trowel. Make sure the joints are filled with mortar and no void is left open. You can design the pointing to your desired shape or design.
Curing
The newly applied mortar is protected from heat, rain, and other external sources for a few hours. The number of hours required depends on the type of mortar used and the prevailing weather conditions. After this, the pointing requires consistent watering for a few days to cure properly.
Why Is Pointing Important?
Pointing plays an important role in protecting the structural integrity of the wall. It also protects the brick or other masonry joints from potential damage. Below are some reasons why pointing is important for your walls.
Structural integrity
If masonry is improperly executed, cracks can develop and lead to loss in the strength of walls. Pointing helps prevent this issue.
Prevents moisture and damage
Pointing prevents any gaps or cracks from appearing on the masonry joints. These cracks can cause water to get clogged in the joints, which can cause damage. Pointing prevents moisture-related damage like frost damage and structural weakening.
Insulation
Pointing reduces heat loss during winter and heat gain during summer. This can maintain the temperature of your masonry joints, reducing the impact of changing weather and creating more comfortable indoor environments.
Aesthetics
Pointing enhances the overall look of the building, especially in cases of exposed masonry. You can create designs or textures with it to add to its charm.
Preservation
Pointing protects the mortar joints from rain and damage, thus preserving the integrity of the building for a long time.
Pointing for Repair of Old and Historic Buildings
Repointing is very important for the repair of old and historic buildings. It can help remove old or damaged mortar from the joints of a wall and replace them with new mortar. This can help maintain the integrity and stability of the building.
Here are some methods of repairing old buildings with pointing.
Raking Out Old Mortar
Old mortar from the joints is raked out using a screwdriver or handsaw. The mortar is raked at least twice as deep as the width of the joint. This can give adequate space for the new mortar to be applied.
Mortar Mix
Lime mortar is usually the preferred material for repointing old buildings, due to its ability to blend well with historic aesthetics. The general mortar mix ratio used is 1:3, that is, 1 part lime and 3 parts sand. However, the ratio can change based on the requirements. The mortar must be more porous and weaker than the masonry to allow movement and moisture.
Lime should be bought in the form of putty. It should be mixed with sand and aggregate at least 48 hours before use. You can use sand from quarries and seas or crushed bricks and tiles.
You can store the mortar mix in a sealed container for more than a month. Don’t add water to the mix before the putty has to be used.
Application
Before pointing, ensure all the debris and dust are brushed off from the surface. This can help mortar stick to the joint better and dry quickly.
What Happens If You Do Not Do Pointing?
Pointing is an important step in construction that you should not miss. Even though bricks are strong and can withstand pressure, they will surely decline in the long run.
Structural damage
Not doing pointing can lead to cracks and holes in the mortar joint. This can allow water to leak and get clogged in the gaps, causing dampness and weakening the structure.
Loss in Aesthetic Value
Damaged and eroded mortar can make the building look less appealing. This can greatly affect the property’s value.
Health issues
If left untreated, mould can grow in the dampened mortar. This can cause health issues.
Conclusion
Whether you are constructing a new building or are trying to renovate an old building, ensure that you add pointing to your construction process, especially for exposed masonry surfaces. This step is essential for the longevity of your masonry structures.
Consult an expert in the field if you have any concerns regarding pointing. They will analyze your building and tell you what to do further.
FAQs
The materials you use for your mortar depend on your climate, type of masonry, and your desired finish. Some mortars include cement mortars, lime mortars, and hybrid mortars.
Cement mortar is made by mixing cement, water, and sand. There is a particular ratio you must follow for each ingredient to get the best outcome.
Lime mortar is made by mixing lime, sand, and water at specific ratios. The common ratio for lime and sand is 1:3 (1 part lime to 3 parts sand). Water is added gradually to the mix to make the mortar.