In any construction project, two essential materials that ensure the structural stability and durability of the structure are grout and mortar. It is very common for people to get confused by their similar composition. However, the purpose and application of grout and mortar differ widely. If you are looking for a material to fill the gap or secure any elements, grout is the solution. In contrast, mortar is primarily used to bond bricks or blocks together. With this, one could understand the major difference between these two materials despite having the same composition. Increasing longevity and integrity of any construction project can be achieved by understanding the differences and proper use of the materials. This article will explain the basics of grout and mortar along with their types, applications, and differences to lay a strong foundation for understanding.
What is Grout?
As mentioned in the introduction, grout is mainly used to fill and firm up the spaces between the tiles. While mortar is applied underneath the tiles, it is the effectiveness of grout between the tiles, preventing any displacement. It acts as a barrier, preventing water seepage between and below tiles. Applying grout in between the tiles prevents the settlement of debris, making it easier to clean. The composition of grout is cement, water, and in some cases, sand. Unlike mortar, grout is thinner and flows easily into small gaps.
Different Types of Grouts
Sanded Grout: This type of grout contains sand which enhances the grittiness of the grout. It is exclusively used for tile joints that are 1/8-inch or wider because of its strength and resistance to shrinkage.
Unsanded Grout: The absence of sand in this grout removes the grittiness; instead, it has fine minerals. It is mainly used for tile joints less than 1/8-inch wide that have narrow joints and delicate tiles. Some examples are glass or polished marble.
Epoxy Grout: In this type, the grout has no sand content. As a result, epoxy grout is waterproof, negating the need to be sealed. It is mainly used for thin joints 1/8-inch or less. It is made of epoxy resins and hardeners, providing high durability and stain resistance.
Furan Grout: This type is distinct from the other three types of grouts. It is a chemical-based grout used in industrial settings. Its resistance to chemicals and heat makes it a perfect choice for industrial settings.
When to Use Mortar?
It is preferred in a situations where a strong adhesive bond is required. The requirement of adhesiveness is often between structural units such as bricks, stones, and concrete blocks. It is indispensable in all types of masonry work ranging from building walls, laying foundations, and chimney construction. In some cases, mortar is also used as a levelling medium to maintain uniformity. If it is about the structure and not about filling gaps, mortar should be the material of choice. As discussed above, each type of mortar is used for specific purposes based on the requirements.
What is Mortar?
It is a bonding agent for all structural units such as tile, brick, natural stone, manufactured veneer stone, and other masonry products. It has a composition of mortar, a mixture of coarse sand, Portland cement, and lime. In comparison to grout, it is thinner and less fluid. This feature of mortar makes it ideal for use as an adhesive. After setting, mortar becomes a rock-like material that can withstand pressure and environmental factors. Additives can even be added to enhance its properties in terms of strength, faster setting time, and greater moisture resistance.
Different Types of Mortars
Thinset Mortar: This type of mortar is mainly used underneath tiles. The tiles may be placed on the floor or the wall; this type is applied underneath to make them stable and immovable after they are cured.
Type-S Mortar: This type is used for laying bricks and stones. Type S Mortar is stronger than Type-N. It is suitable for structural walls, foundations, and below-grade applications.
Type N Mortar: It is considered a general-purpose mortar, mainly used for exterior and above-grade walls.
Type O Mortar: This type is used indoors for non-load-bearing applications. The reason why it is used for low-bearing strength is that Type O has a low-strength mix.
Type M Mortar: Type M Mortar acts in contrast to Type N Mortar because it is used in below-grade applications. The below-grade applications are foundations and heavy loads.
Type K Mortar: It is mainly used as a decorative element because of its soft properties and low compressive strength.
When to Use Grout?
It is used mainly for sealing voids, and joints, or securing tiles and stones. For both floors and walls, grouts are the go-to material to fill voids. By applying grout between tiles, one can increase structural support and prevent any settlement of debris and moisture from accumulating in between. In specialised settings such as industries or chemical factories, epoxy or furan-type grouts are used for their resistance and durability.
Key Differences between Grout and Mortar
| Grout | Mortar |
| The purpose of grout is to fill gaps and seal joints between tiles. | The purpose of mortar is to bond various structural units. |
| The consistency of grout is said to be thin and flows easily into gaps. | Mortar has a thicker and adhesive consistency which makes it a perfect adhesive material. |
| The composition of grout is cement, water, and in some cases, sand. | The composition of mortar is cement, lime, and water. |
| The grout provides a watertight or decorative finish and prevents debris settlement. | It offers high structural strength and stability to withstand loads and pressure. |
| It is mainly used to secure tiles and fill gaps and is suitable for small to medium joints. | It is mainly used in masonry applications and used in places where large bonding thickness is needed. |
Tips for Choosing the Right Material
- First and foremost, the criteria to select the most suitable material are knowing the purpose. For bonding, use mortar. For sealing, use grout.
- After choosing one, selecting the most suitable type is as important as choosing the suitable material. For example, use sanded grout for wider joints, and unsanded for narrow joints.
- Considering environmental conditions is also essential. In wet areas, choose epoxy grout and Type S mortar for below-grade work.
- Choosing the type of material can also be influenced by the tile material. Consider matching grout or mortar to the tile’s properties.
Conclusion
In construction, it’s key to understand the distinctive characteristics and usages of grout and mortar. While grout fills in gaps and prevents water leaks, mortar binds materials together. The right material is selected based on strength, environmental considerations, and joint dimensions for the particular needs of your project. Appropriate application of these materials not only introduces an attractive look to the structures but also guarantees their efficiency and lifespan.